The Martial Art Ontology (MAon)

Current version:

1.1.3

IRI:

http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon

Author(s):

Yumeng HOU ORCID

Introduction:

Updates in V1.1.3: We have enriched properties and relations for describing master figures and introduced a new class, MA_Clan.

Updates in V1.1.2: We have refined the terminology to improve conceptual accuracy. Specifically, the class Form_movement has been renamed from Form, and its associated object properties have been updated: in_form (previously is_form_in) and similar_movement_to (previously similar_form_to). Additionally, the class Armament has been renamed to Weaponry to better align with the conventions of Asian martial arts. These refinements were made following a comprehensive review by a bilingual master.

Updates in V1.1.1: The object property contains has been renamed to has_component. This property aligns with the CIDOC-CRM declaration of P148 has component and represents the relationship between a form and the technique(s) it encompasses. The change was made based on feedback from a CIDOC-CRM expert.

MAon Version 1.1: This version conceptualizes martial arts as an entity of embodied knowledge within the broader context of intangible cultural heritage. Building upon its predecessor, MAon Version 1.1 integrates technical characteristics with philosophical considerations, offering new perspectives for interpreting martial arts as embodied knowledge.

Named Individuals: This section provides a comprehensive semantic data representation of key technical concepts across three iconic styles of Southern Chinese martial arts—Hung Kuen, White Crane, and Choy Li Fut—as well as a full instantiation of the Taming the Tiger form set (工字伏虎拳).

Data files to Download:

The Ontology   Named Individuals (MAon annotations)

Supplementary material:

EN/CN核心词汇中英对照表   WebVowl

Suggested citation:

Hou, Yumeng, and Sarah Kenderdine. "Ontology-based Knowledge Representation for Traditional Martial Arts." Digital Scholarship in the Humanities. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqae005

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Table of Content

1. Classes
2. Object Properties
3. Data Properties
4. Annotation Properties
5. Namespace Declarations

Classes

• Body_control
• Bodywork
• Breath_control
• Breathing_tech
• Bridge
• Claw_tech
• Combo_tech
• Connection_bridges
• E21.Person
• E22.Man-made Object
• E31.Document
• E41.Appellation
• E52.Time-Span
• E53.Place
• E77.Persistent Item
• Elbow_tech
• Fighting_strategy
• Film
• Fist_tech
• Footwork
• Form_movement
• Form_set
• Gesture
• Handwork
• Honor_code
• Leg_tech
• MA_Clan
• MA_Document
• MA_institute
• MA_Master
• MA_Organization
• MA_principle
• MA_Style
• MA_syllabus
• MA_System
• MA_tactic
• MA_Technique
• Palm_tech
• Photo
• Physical_training
• Sparring
• Stance
• Symbolic_animal
• Training_method
• Training_tool
• Weapon_tech
• Weaponry

Body_control^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:body_cntr_mnpl

has super-classes

MA_principle^c

type_of^op some MA_principle^c

Bodywork^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:bodywork

Bodywork signifies the nimble application of the body and accentuates a coherent yet flexible use of the waist and upper-body muscles.

has super-classes

MA_Technique^c

type_of^op some MA_Technique^c

Breath_control^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:breath_cntr_mnpl

has super-classes

MA_principle^c

type_of^op some MA_principle^c

Breathing_tech^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:breathing_tech

has super-classes

MA_Technique^c

type_of^op some MA_Technique^c

Bridge^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:body_bridge

The class Bridge represent the concept of “bridge” or referred to as “bridge hand(s)” in traditional Chinese martial arts. The concept is particularly articulated in the Hung Kuen system. The term bridge means the connection between yourself and your opponent. The skill of bridge relates to the ability to manipulate one's own body structure, to control the ranges, amongst others.

has super-classes

MA_Technique^c

type_of^op some MA_Technique^c

Claw_tech^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:claw_tech

Claw techniques denote the techniques that use the hand in the shape simulating an animal's claw (such as tiger, crane, etc), and are considered fierce and effective techniques that can result in serious damage.

has super-classes

Handwork^c

employs^op some Gesture^c

type_of^op some Handwork^c

Combo_tech^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:combo_tech

The class Combo_tech denotes a technique combination, often addressed as combo tech, that is a combination of multiple others, typically involving movements in different body segments. Instances of such techniques acquire the identity of a combo technique with a collective impact of its technical components. To capture these characteristics, the employs property is used to indicate that a more complex instance of Technique is fulfilled by employing another or several other basic ones.

has super-classes

MA_Technique^c

type_of^op some MA_Technique^c

employs^op some MA_Technique^c

Connection_bridges^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:fighting_strategy

has super-classes

MA_principle^c

type_of^op some MA_principle^c

E21.Person^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:E21-Person

has super-classes

thing^c

creates^op some E22.Man-made Object^c

identified_by^op some E41.Appellation^c

lives_in_ts^op some E52.Time-Span^c

resides_in^op some E53.Place^c

has sub-classes

MA_Master^c

is in domain of

identified_by^op

E22.Man-made Object^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:E22-man_made_obj

has sub-classes

Training_tool^c, Weaponry^c

E31.Document^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:E31-document

has super-classes

thing^c

has sub-classes

MA_Document^c

E41.Appellation^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:E41-appellation

is in domain of

appellation_type^dp

is in range of

identified_by^op

E52.Time-Span^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:E52-timespan

is in domain of

timespan^dp

is in range of

lives_in_ts^op

E53.Place^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:E53-place

is in range of

has_birthplace^op, has_origin_place^op, located_at^op, resides_in^op

E77.Persistent Item^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:E77-persistent_item

has sub-classes

Symbolic_animal^c

Elbow_tech^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:elbow_tech

Elbow techniques denote the techniques that use the elbow joint, usually in tandem with coherent moves in the forearm.

has super-classes

Handwork^c

type_of^op some Handwork^c

Fighting_strategy^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:intent_clarity

has super-classes

MA_principle^c

type_of^op some MA_principle^c

Film^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:film

Fist_tech^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:fist_tech

Fist techniques denote the techniques that use the hand in the fist shape, namely, with the fingers bent towards the palm. Fists are not necessarily held tightly, depending on which fist type is employed.

has super-classes

Handwork^c

employs^op some Gesture^c

type_of^op some Handwork^c

Footwork^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:footwork

Footwork is the umbrella term for techniques of the feet and legs in martial arts. It includes subclasses of static Stance or dynamic Leg_Tech.

has super-classes

MA_Technique^c

type_of^op some MA_Technique^c

has sub-classes

Leg_tech^c, Stance^c

Form_movement^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:MA_form

The class Form_movement encapsulates the concept of individual units of movement within a training form – a fundamental aspect of technical and stylistic training in traditional martial arts. Examples of this class include zhaoshi (or shi) in Chinese terminology. An instance of form movement, whether static or dynamic, is a choreographed pattern of movement comprising a unitary sequence of basic techniques. It typically involves a movement that employs several techniques, simultaneously serving as a training tool for those techniques and the qualities relevant to fulfilling them. The property has component is used; it is designed to inherit the CIDOC-CRM declaration of P148 has component and to indicate the relationship between a form_movement and the technique(s) trained within.

has super-classes

Training_method^c

has_component^op some MA_Technique^c

has_intent^op some MA_tactic^c

in_form^op some Form_set^c

represents^op some MA_principle^c

similar_movement_to^op some Form_movement^c

type_of^op some Training_method^c

is in domain of

has_component^op, has_intent^op, in_form^op, represents^op, similar_movement_to^op

is in range of

similar_movement_to^op

Form_set^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/Form_set

The class Form_set addresses the concept of form set (often referred to as form) – the sequential arrangement of form movements. Commonly known as the Chinese term taolu and its Japanese equivalent, kata. An instance of Form_set features a set routine of multiple instances of Form_movement in sequential order. While most form sets are designed for individual practice, some also serve as interactive sparring exercises, represented through the class Sparring_set.

has super-classes

Training_method^c

belongs_to^op some MA_System^c

has_component^op some Form_movement^c

practiced_in^op some MA_Style^c

similar_set_to^op some Form_set^c

type_of^op some Training_method^c

is in domain of

practiced_in^op, similar_set_to^op

is in range of

in_form^op, similar_set_to^op, teaches^op

Gesture^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:hand_shape

Gestures, or hand shapes, denote the shape or status of the hand employed in a specific handwork.

has super-classes

Handwork^c

type_of^op some Handwork^c

Handwork^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:handwork

Handwork is the umbrella term for techniques of the hands and forearms in martial arts. It encompass specific types of Palm_Tech, Fist_Tech, Claw_Tech, Elbow_Tech, and Gesture.

has super-classes

MA_Technique^c

type_of^op some MA_Technique^c

has sub-classes

Claw_tech^c, Elbow_tech^c, Fist_tech^c, Gesture^c, Palm_tech^c

Honor_code^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:honor_code

has super-classes

MA_principle^c

type_of^op some MA_principle^c

Leg_tech^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:leg_tech

Leg technique denotes the skills of the lower limbs in martial arts, primarily kicking attacks or kicking techniques.

has super-classes

Footwork^c

type_of^op some Footwork^c

MA_Clan^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:MA_Clan

A martial arts clan is a traditional group or lineage founded by a martial arts master, often teaching a specific martial arts system. Clans may enforce unique training methods, honor codes, or stylistic principles.

has super-classes

thing^c

is in range of

is_member_of^op

MA_Document^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:MA_Book

The class MA_Document encompasses a variety of information objects that record aspects of martial arts. These can be either physical or digital and include ancient manuscripts, books, manuals, and audiovisual contents, amongst others. It's important to note that an instance of MA_Document may behold identities. We bridge the class with the CIDOC-CRM E31 Document to facilitate flexible interoperations and potential acquisition of additional data, and facilitates semantic enrichment of other linked data sources through assertion or inference rules.

has super-classes

E31.Document^c

documents^op some E53.Place^c

documents^op some MA_Master^c

documents^op some MA_institute^c

documents^op some MA_Style^c

documents^op some MA_System^c

documents^op some Training_method^c

type_of^op some MA_Document^c

is in domain of

documents^op

is in range of

has_work^op

MA_institute^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:MA_institute

The class MA_institute conceptualizes any collective social agent where martial arts teaching, training, assessment, or dissemination occurs, e.g. a school, clan, sect, or sports federation. Instances of this class typically have a physical location, represented by the property located at to relate to a place, accordingly subsuming the CIDOC-CRM assertions about E53 Place and P156 occupies.

has super-classes

adopts^op some MA_syllabus^c

adopts^op some Training_method^c

located_at^op some E53.Place^c

teaches^op some MA_Style^c

teaches^op some MA_System^c

is in domain of

adopts^op, located_at^op

is in range of

documents^op, taught_at^op, teaches_at^op

MA_Master^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:MA_Master

The class MA_master designates individuals conventionally recognized for their remarkable achievements in martial arts skills and their contributions to the transmission and development of martial knowledge. Instances of this class can include historical martial arts practitioners and legendary figures, with the possibility to annotate or classify further.

has super-classes

E21.Person^c

thing^c

adapts^op some MA_Style^c

adapts^op some MA_Technique^c

adapts^op some Weaponry^c

adapts^op some Training_method^c

adapts^op some Training_tool^c

adopts^op some MA_syllabus^c

creates^op some MA_Style^c

creates^op some MA_syllabus^c

creates^op some MA_Technique^c

creates^op some Weaponry^c

creates^op some Training_method^c

creates^op some Training_tool^c

has_birthplace^op some e53 place^c

has_courtesy_name^dp some name^c

has_ethnicity^dp some ethnicity^c

has_film_appearance^op some film^c

has_gender^dp some gender^c

has_life_experience^dp some life experience^c

has_occupation^dp some occupation^c

has_photo^op some photo^c

has_pseudonym^dp some name^c

has_work^op some MA_Document^c

is_child_of^op some MA_Master^c

is_master_of^op some MA_Master^c

is_member_of^op some MA_Clan^c

is_member_of^op some MA_Organization^c

is_parent_of^op some MA_Master^c

is_student_of^op some MA_Master^c

lives_in_ts^op some E52.Time-Span^c

practices^op some MA_Style^c

resides_in^op some E53.Place^c

teaches^op some MA_Style^c

teaches_at^op some MA_institute^c

has_birth_year^dp some g year

has_death_year^dp some g year

is in domain of

adapts^op, creates^op, has_birth_year^dp, has_birthplace^op, has_courtesy_name^dp, has_death_year^dp, has_ethnicity^dp, has_film_appearance^op, has_gender^dp, has_life_experience^dp, has_occupation^dp, has_photo^op, has_pseudonym^dp, has_work^op, is_master_of^op, is_member_of^op, is_parent_of^op, is_student_of^op, lives_in_ts^op, practices^op, resides_in^op, teaches^op, teaches_at^op

is in range of

documents^op, is_master_of^op, is_parent_of^op, is_student_of^op

MA_Organization^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:MA_Organization

has super-classes

thing^c

MA_principle^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:MA_principle

MA_principle pertains to the guiding principles that underlie the movement rationale of specific techniques or a style in general, typically varying among different martial arts styles and systems.

has super-classes

thing^c

has sub-classes

Body_control^c, Breath_control^c, Connection_bridges^c, Fighting_strategy^c, Honor_code^c

is in range of

has_principle^op, represents^op

MA_Style^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:MA_style

The class MA_style conceptualizes the individual stylistic genre of martial art. Each instance holds an umbrella term representing the style’s name, typically denoting a group of martial arts styles sharing similar kinaesthetic qualities, norms, and principles.

has super-classes

thing^c

adopts^op some Training_method^c

belongs_to^op some MA_System^c

developed_from^op some MA_Style^c

has^op some MA_syllabus^c

has_origin_place^op some E53.Place^c

has_principle^op some MA_principle^c

has_symbol^op some Symbolic_animal^c

influences^op some MA_Style^c

taught_at^op some MA_institute^c

is in domain of

adopts^op, belongs_to^op, developed_from^op, has^op, has_origin_place^op, has_principle^op, has_symbol^op, influences^op, taught_at^op

is in range of

adapts^op, creates^op, developed_from^op, documents^op, has^op, influences^op, practiced_in^op, practices^op, teaches^op, used_in^op

MA_syllabus^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:MA_syllabus

The term "syllabus" generally refers to the subjects covered in a course of study or teaching, offering a comprehensive overview or summary of the curriculum. This concept extends to martial arts contexts as well. It is important to note that certain systems or styles have well-defined and widely accepted modern syllabi, including grading and ranking systems, while many traditional martial arts systems lack a standardized approach.

is in domain of

adopts^op, has_component^op, taught_at^op

is in range of

adapts^op, creates^op, has^op

MA_System^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:MA_system

The class MA_system represents the concept of martial arts systems, which pertains to an upper-level systemic grouping of different styles, such as Chinese Martial Arts, European Martial Arts, Japanese Martial Arts, or sub-systems like Southern Chinese Martial Arts or Southern Styles, and Northern Styles. Styles within a system typically share a consistent methodological framework and principles, and sometimes have identical geographic origins or parent styles.

has super-classes

thing^c

adopts^op some Training_method^c

belongs_to^op some MA_System^c

has^op some MA_Style^c

has^op some MA_syllabus^c

has_origin_place^op some E53.Place^c

has_principle^op some MA_principle^c

has_symbol^op some Symbolic_animal^c

influences^op some MA_Style^c

influences^op some MA_System^c

taught_at^op some MA_institute^c

is in domain of

adopts^op, belongs_to^op, has^op, has_origin_place^op, has_principle^op, has_symbol^op, influences^op, taught_at^op

is in range of

belongs_to^op, documents^op, influences^op, practices^op, teaches^op, used_in^op

MA_tactic^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:MA_tactic

Tactics in martial arts concerns how to use/apply the techniques to achieve a strategic goal, such as subduing the opponent. While the concept of strategy is a broader concept employing the need for planning long-term, a tactic is a preferred concept to denote the way used to achieve a smaller, strategic goal, in line with the strategy.

is in range of

has_intent^op

MA_Technique^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:MA_technique

The class Technique is designed to function as a connector between different modules, establishing connections between general kinetic elements, technical interpretations, stylistic expressions, and methods of training, application, teaching, and documentation. This class expands four major categorical subclasses: Handwork, Footwork, Bodywork, and Bridge, each aiming o provide an embodied understanding of the techniques' structure. Accordingly, most instances of Technique are subsumed under one of the three principal categories given which anatomical part is substantially involved.

has super-classes

thing^c

employs^op some Bridge^c

employs^op some Bodywork^c

employs^op some Footwork^c

employs^op some Handwork^c

has_intent^op some MA_tactic^c

practiced_in^op some Training_method^c

similar_to^op some MA_Technique^c

used_in^op some MA_Style^c

used_in^op some MA_System^c

has sub-classes

Bodywork^c, Breathing_tech^c, Bridge^c, Combo_tech^c, Footwork^c, Handwork^c, Weapon_tech^c

is in domain of

employs^op, has_intent^op, similar_to^op, used_in^op

is in range of

documents^op, employs^op, has_component^op, similar_to^op, trains^op

Palm_tech^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:palm_tech

Palm techniques, or open-hand strikes include various techniques used in martial arts to attack or defend without curling the hand into a fist.

has super-classes

Handwork^c

employs^op some Gesture^c

type_of^op some Handwork^c

Photo^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:photo

Physical_training^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:physical_training

Physical training is the general terme for the systemic use of the exercises to promote the body fitness and strength.

has super-classes

Training_method^c

type_of^op some Training_method^c

Sparring^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:spar_training

Sparring is a form of training common to many combat sports and is considered the closest thing to a real fight without actually fighting. Usually, two persons are involved in sparring training, yet more is possible.

has super-classes

Training_method^c

type_of^op some Training_method^c

Stance^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:stance

In martial arts, stances are the distribution, foot orientation and body positions (particularly the legs and torso) adopted when attacking, defending, advancing, or retreating.

has super-classes

Footwork^c

type_of^op some Footwork^c

Symbolic_animal^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:symbolic_animal

Certain martial arts styles may associate themselves with one or multiple creatures or living things as symbols, indicated by the property has_symbol pointing to an instance of Symbolic_animal. It is widely held that many martial arts styles draw inspiration from the habits and moves of specific creatures like animals in designing their movement and tactical patterns. For example, the various Praying Mantis styles are inspired by the mantis (insect), and the White Crane kung fu imitates the crane (bird).

has super-classes

E77.Persistent Item^c

type_of^op some E77.Persistent Item^c

is in range of

has_symbol^op, imitates^op

Training_method^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:training_method

The class Training_method encompasses methods created or adapted by a teaching master for learners to practice specific techniques while developing necessary physical qualities and comprehending the movement principles embedded. Instances of this class may feature a unitary exercise - a Form, or a series of exercises constituting a set - an instance of Form_set. While forms and form sets can vary significantly across styles and systems, they all serve training purposes. Another two categories of training methods crucial for developing martial arts skills are Physical_training and Sparring, both not codified. In any of these situations, the trains property is established to connect an instance of Training_method to one or more of Technique if the former contributes to the development of the latter.

has super-classes

thing^c

trains^op some MA_Technique^c

uses^op some Weaponry^c

uses^op some Training_tool^c

has sub-classes

Form_movement^c, Form_set^c, Physical_training^c, Sparring^c

is in domain of

trains^op

is in range of

adapts^op, adopts^op, creates^op, documents^op

Training_tool^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:training_tool

Training tools refer to objects created to simulate a weapon - an entity of armament, or part of it, to train a specific technique or physical qualities. The property simulates is utilized to indicate a possible analogy.

has super-classes

E22.Man-made Object^c

simulates^op some Weaponry^c

type_of^op some E22.Man-made Object^c

is in domain of

simulates^op, used_in^op, weapon type^dp

is in range of

adapts^op, creates^op

Weapon_tech^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:weapon_tech

Weapon technique is the umbrella term that denotes the techniques that involve the use of a weapon - an entity of armament, or a training tool.

has super-classes

MA_Technique^c

type_of^op some MA_Technique^c

uses^op some Weaponry^c

Weaponry^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/class:armament

Weaponry (or Armament) is the umbrella term encompassing military weapons and equipment.

has super-classes

E22.Man-made Object^c

type_of^op some E22.Man-made Object^c

is in domain of

used_in^op, weapon type^dp

is in range of

adapts^op, creates^op, simulates^op

Object Properties

• adapts
• adopts
• belongs_to
• creates
• developed_from
• documents
• employs
• has
• has_birthplace
• has_component
• has_film_appearance
• has_intent
• has_origin_place
• has_photo
• has_principle
• has_symbol
• has_work
• identified_by
• imitates
• in_form
• influences
• is
• is_child_of
• is_master_of
• is_member_of
• is_parent_of
• is_student_of
• lives_in_ts
• located_at
• practiced_in
• practices
• represents
• resides_in
• similar_movement_to
• similar_set_to
• similar_to
• simulates
• taught_at
• teaches
• teaches_at
• trains
• type_of
• used_in
• uses

adapts^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/adapts

The adapts property refers to the relation that a Master adapts certain (existing) techniques, training methods like forms and form sets, weapons, training tools, or even a style or system.

has domain

MA_Master^c

has range

MA_Style^c

MA_syllabus^c

Weaponry^c

Training_method^c

Training_tool^c

adopts^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/adopts

The property adopts is essentially the verb adopt, signifying that a martial arts system or style adopts a training method, or a transmission institute or syllabus adopts a training method.

has domain

MA_institute^c

MA_Style^c

MA_syllabus^c

MA_System^c

has range

Training_method^c

belongs_to^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/belongs_to

has domain

MA_Style^c

MA_System^c

has range

MA_System^c

creates^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/creates

The creates property refers to the relation that a Master creates certain (new) techniques, training methods like forms and form sets, weapons, training tools, or even a style or system.

has domain

MA_Master^c

has range

MA_Style^c

MA_syllabus^c

Weaponry^c

Training_method^c

Training_tool^c

developed_from^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/developed_from

has domain

MA_Style^c

has range

MA_Style^c

documents^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/documents

has domain

MA_Document^c

has range

MA_Master^c

MA_institute^c

MA_Style^c

MA_System^c

MA_Technique^c

Training_method^c

employs^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/employs

has domain

MA_Technique^c

has range

MA_Technique^c

has^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/has

has domain

MA_Style^c

MA_System^c

has range

MA_Style^c

MA_syllabus^c

has_birthplace^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/has_birthplace

has domain

MA_Master^c

has range

E53.Place^c

has_component^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/has_component

A form, whether static or dynamic, is a choreographed pattern of movement comprising a unitary sequence of basic techniques. Hence, the conventional interpretation is that a form has several technical components while simultaneously serving as a training tool for those techniques and the qualities relevant to fulfilling them. The property has component is used; it is designed to inherit the CIDOC-CRM declaration of P148 has component and to indicate the relationship between a form and the technique(s) trained within.

has domain

Form_movement^c

MA_syllabus^c

has range

MA_Technique^c

has_film_appearance^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/has_film_appearance

has domain

MA_Master^c

has range

film^c

has_intent^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/has_intent

The class MA_Tactic addresses the former case, in combination with the property has intent to describe an instance of Form or Technique that embodies the intent to achieve specific tactics, such as attacking, defending, deflecting, controlling distance, or complex maneuvers.

has domain

Form_movement^c

MA_Technique^c

has range

MA_tactic^c

has_origin_place^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/has_origin_place

has domain

MA_Style^c

MA_System^c

has range

E53.Place^c

has_photo^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/has_photo

has domain

MA_Master^c

has range

photo^c

has_principle^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/has_principle

has domain

MA_Style^c

MA_System^c

has range

MA_principle^c

has_symbol^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/has_symbol

has domain

MA_Style^c

MA_System^c

has range

Symbolic_animal^c

has_work^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/has_work

has domain

MA_Master^c

has range

MA_Document^c

identified_by^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/identified_by

has domain

E21.Person^c

has range

E41.Appellation^c

imitates^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/imitates

Certain techniques, forms, or styles are considered to imitate specific creatures or living things, for instance, through their relation to classes like symbolic_animal

has range

Symbolic_animal^c

in_form^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/in_form

has domain

Form_movement^c

has range

Form_set^c

influences^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/influences

has super-properties

top object property

has domain

MA_Style^c

MA_System^c

has range

MA_Style^c

MA_System^c

is^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/is

is_child_of^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/is_child_of

is_master_of^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/is_master_of

has domain

MA_Master^c

has range

MA_Master^c

is_member_of^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/is_member_of

has domain

MA_Master^c

has range

MA_Clan^c

is_parent_of^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/is_parent_of

has domain

MA_Master^c

has range

MA_Master^c

is_student_of^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/is_student_of

has domain

MA_Master^c

has range

MA_Master^c

lives_in_ts^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/lives_in_ts

has domain

MA_Master^c

has range

E52.Time-Span^c

located_at^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/located_at

has domain

MA_institute^c

has range

E53.Place^c

practiced_in^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/practiced_in

The practiced_in property signifies that an instance of Form_set is practised in a specific style.

has domain

Form_set^c

has range

MA_Style^c

practices^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/practices

The practices property signifies that a Master is known to practise a certain style or system.

has domain

MA_Master^c

has range

MA_Style^c

MA_System^c

represents^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/represents

The execution of a form, occasionally a technique alone, represents certain tactical intents or guiding principles underlying the movement rationale of a martial arts style. The property represents is used to connect an instance of Form to one of MA_principle, indicating that the technical movements follow a specific guiding principle or a combination of several. The property represents in MAon shares a similar interpretation with the P138 represents declared in CIDOC-CRM. However, their domains differ, as observed thus far. The represents here establishes connections between two E89 Propositional Objects, typically linking one E89 Propositional Object with an E28 Conceptual Object.

has domain

Form_movement^c

has range

MA_principle^c

resides_in^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/resides_in

has domain

MA_Master^c

has range

E53.Place^c

similar_movement_to^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/similar_movement_to

has characteristics : functional, symmetric, transitive

has super-properties

top object property

has domain

Form_movement^c

has range

Form_movement^c

similar_set_to^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/similar_set_of

The similar_set_to property represents a conceptual similarity between instances of Form_set.

has characteristics : symmetric, transitive

has super-properties

top object property

has domain

Form_set^c

has range

Form_set^c

similar_to^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/similar_to

The similar_to property represents a conceptual similarity between instances of Technique.

has characteristics : symmetric, transitive

has domain

MA_Technique^c

has range

MA_Technique^c

simulates^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/simulates

Training tools refer to objects created to simulate a weapon, or part of it, to train a specific technique or physical qualities. The property simulates is utilized to indicate a possible analogy

has domain

Training_tool^c

has range

Weaponry^c

taught_at^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/taught_at

has domain

MA_Style^c

MA_syllabus^c

MA_System^c

has range

MA_institute^c

teaches^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/teaches

has domain

MA_Master^c

has range

Form_set^c

MA_Style^c

MA_System^c

teaches_at^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/teaches_at

has domain

MA_Master^c

has range

MA_institute^c

trains^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/trains

The trains property is established to connect an instance of Training_method to one or more of Technique if the former contributes to the development of the latter.

has domain

Training_method^c

has range

MA_Technique^c

type_of^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/type_of

used_in^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/used_in

has domain

MA_Technique^c

Weaponry^c

Training_tool^c

has range

MA_Style^c

MA_System^c

uses^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/uses

Data Properties

• appellation_type
• has_birth_year
• has_courtesy_name
• has_death_year
• has_ethnicity
• has_gender
• has_life_experience
• has_occupation
• has_pseudonym
• timespan
• weapon type

appellation_type^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/appellation_type

has super-properties

data properties^dp

has domain

E41.Appellation^c

has range

ArtName

EN_Name

name_originalLang

has_birth_year^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/has_birth_year

has domain

MA_Master^c

has range

g year

has_courtesy_name^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/has_courtesy_name

has domain

MA_Master^c

has range

string

has_death_year^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/has_death_year

has domain

MA_Master^c

has range

g year

has_ethnicity^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/has_ethnicity

has domain

MA_Master^c

has range

string

has_gender^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/has_gender

has domain

MA_Master^c

has range

string

has_life_experience^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/has_life_experience

has domain

MA_Master^c

has range

string

has_occupation^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/has_occupation

has domain

MA_Master^c

has range

string

has_pseudonym^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/has_pseudonym

has domain

MA_Master^c

has range

string

timespan^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/timespan

has super-properties

data properties^dp

has domain

E52.Time-Span^c

weapon type^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/weapon_type

has super-properties

data properties^dp

has domain

Weaponry^c

Training_tool^c

has range

string

Annotation Properties

• alt label
• baidu u r l
• description
• name roman m a n
• name_en
• name_zh
• otherName_en
• otherName_zh
• owl:sameAs
• romanCAN
• wiki u r l

alt label^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel

baidu u r l^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#baiduURL

description^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#description

name roman m a n^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon#name_romanMAN

name_en^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon#name_en

name_zh^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/ontoMA_name_zh

otherName_en^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/ontoMA_otherName_en

otherName_zh^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/ontoMA_otherName_zh

owl:sameAs^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs

romanCAN^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon#name_romanCAN

wiki u r l^ap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#wikiURL

Namespace Declarations back to ToC

default namespace

http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon#

MAon

http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon#

MAon1

http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/MAon/

annotated

http://EncodingActs.github.io/annotated/

e21-person

https://www.cidoc-crm.org/entity/e21-person/

e22-man-made-object

https://www.cidoc-crm.org/Entity/e22-man-made-object/

e31-document

https://www.cidoc-crm.org/Entity/e31-document/

e41-appellation

https://www.cidoc-crm.org/Entity/e41-appellation/

e52-time-span

https://www.cidoc-crm.org/Entity/e52-time-span/

e53-place

https://www.cidoc-crm.org/Entity/e53-place/

e77-persistent-item

https://www.cidoc-crm.org/Entity/e77-persistent-item/

owl

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#

rdf

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#

rdfs

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#

skos

http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#

xsd

http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

This HTML document was obtained by processing the OWL ontology source code through LODE, Live OWL Documentation Environment, developed by Silvio Peroni .