name_en
type: AnnotationProperty

romanCAN
type: AnnotationProperty

name_zh
type: AnnotationProperty

otherName_en
type: AnnotationProperty

otherName_zh
type: AnnotationProperty

owl:sameAs
type: AnnotationProperty

ArtName
type: Datatype

CN_S_Name
type: Datatype

CN_T_name
type: Datatype

EN_Name
type: Datatype

Image
type: Datatype

ManualBook
type: Datatype

MoCap
type: Datatype

Texts
type: Datatype

Video
type: Datatype

attack_n_defend
type: Datatype

body_manipulation
type: Datatype

body_movement
type: Datatype

body_positioning
type: Datatype

body_posture
type: Datatype

distance_timing
type: Datatype

empty_hand_set
type: Datatype

grading_system
type: Datatype

name_originalLang
type: Datatype

positioning
type: Datatype

ranking_system
type: Datatype

reputation
type: Datatype

spaer_weapon
type: Datatype

staff_weapon
type: Datatype

adapts
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Master
range: MA_Style
range: MA_syllabus
range: Weaponry
range: Training_method
range: Training_tool
name_zh: 修改 @zh-hk
comment: The adapts property refers to the relation that a Master adapts certain (existing) techniques, training methods like forms and form sets, weapons, training tools, or even a style or system.

adopts
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_institute
domain: MA_Style
domain: MA_syllabus
domain: MA_System
range: Training_method
name_zh: 采用 @zh-hk
comment: The property adopts is essentially the verb adopt, signifying that a martial arts system or style adopts a training method, or a transmission institute or syllabus adopts a training method.

belongs_to
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Style
domain: MA_System
range: MA_System

creates
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Master
range: MA_Style
range: MA_syllabus
range: Weaponry
range: Training_method
range: Training_tool
name_zh: 創造 @zh-hk
otherName_zh: 創建 @zh-hk
comment: The creates property refers to the relation that a Master creates certain (new) techniques, training methods like forms and form sets, weapons, training tools, or even a style or system.

developed_from
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Style
range: MA_Style

documents
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Document
range: MA_Master
range: MA_institute
range: MA_Style
range: MA_System
range: MA_Technique
range: Training_method
name_zh: 記錄 @zh-hk

employs
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Technique
range: MA_Technique
name_zh: Instances of Techniques, particularly Combo_tech, acquire the identity of a combo technique with a collective impact of its technical components. To capture these characteristics, we use the employs property to indicate that a more complex instance of Technique is fulfilled by employing another or several other basic ones.
name_zh: 運用 @zh-hk

has
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Style
domain: MA_System
range: MA_Style
range: MA_syllabus

has_component
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Form_movement
domain: MA_syllabus
range: MA_Technique
name_zh: 包含 @zh-hk
comment: A form, whether static or dynamic, is a choreographed pattern of movement comprising a unitary sequence of basic techniques. Hence, the conventional interpretation is that a form has several technical components while simultaneously serving as a training tool for those techniques and the qualities relevant to fulfilling them. The property has component is used; it is designed to inherit the CIDOC-CRM declaration of P148 has component and to indicate the relationship between a form and the technique(s) trained within.

has_intent
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Form_movement
domain: MA_Technique
range: MA_tactic
name_zh: 意圖 @zh-hk
comment: The class MA_Tactic addresses the former case, in combination with the property has intent to describe an instance of Form or Technique that embodies the intent to achieve specific tactics, such as attacking, defending, deflecting, controlling distance, or complex maneuvers.

has_work
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Master
range: MA_Document
name_zh: 著作 @zh-hk

has_film_appearance
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Master
range: string
name_zh: 在影视作品出現 @zh-hk

has_photo
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Master
range: string
name_zh: 有照片 @zh-hk

has_origin_place
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Style
domain: MA_System
range: E53.Place

has_principle
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Style
domain: MA_System
range: MA_principle

has_symbol
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Style
domain: MA_System
range: Symbolic_animal

identified_by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: E21.Person
range: E41.Appellation

imitates
type: ObjectProperty
range: Symbolic_animal
name_zh: 模仿（仿生） @zh-hk
comment: Certain techniques, forms, or styles are considered to imitate specific creatures or living things, for instance, through their relation to classes like symbolic_animal

influences
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: MA_Style
domain: MA_System
range: MA_Style
range: MA_System

is
type: ObjectProperty

is_child_of
type: ObjectProperty

is_member_of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Master
range: MA_Clan

in_form
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Form_movement
range: Form_set

is_master_of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Master
range: MA_Master

is_parent_of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Master
range: MA_Master

is_student_of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Master
range: MA_Master

lives_in_ts
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Master
range: E52.Time-Span

located_at
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_institute
range: E53.Place

practiced_in
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Form_set
range: MA_Style
name_zh: 習練于 @zh-hk
comment: The practiced_in property signifies that an instance of Form_set is practised in a specific style.

practices
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Master
range: MA_Style
range: MA_System
name_zh: 習練 @zh-hk
comment: The practices property signifies that a Master is known to practise a certain style or system.

represents
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Form_movement
range: MA_principle
name_zh: 體現 @zh-hk
comment: The execution of a form, occasionally a technique alone, represents certain tactical intents or guiding principles underlying the movement rationale of a martial arts style. The property represents is used to connect an instance of Form to one of MA_principle, indicating that the technical movements follow a specific guiding principle or a combination of several. The property represents in MAon shares a similar interpretation with the P138 represents declared in CIDOC-CRM. However, their domains differ, as observed thus far. The represents here establishes connections between two E89 Propositional Objects, typically linking one E89 Propositional Object with an E28 Conceptual Object.

resides_in
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Master
range: E53.Place

has_birthplace
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Master
range: E53.Place

similar_movement_to
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Form_movement
range: Form_movement
name_zh: The similar_movement_to property represents a conceptual similarity between instances of Form.
name_zh: 相似（招式） @zh-hk

similar_set_to
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Form_set
range: Form_set
name_zh: 相似（套路） @zh-hk
comment: The similar_set_to property represents a conceptual similarity between instances of Form_set.

similar_to
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: MA_Technique
range: MA_Technique
name_zh: 相似（技術） @zh-hk
comment: The similar_to property represents a conceptual similarity between instances of Technique.

simulates
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Training_tool
range: Weaponry
name_zh: 模仿（替代） @zh-hk
comment: Training tools refer to objects created to simulate a weapon, or part of it, to train a specific technique or physical qualities. The property simulates is utilized to indicate a possible analogy

taught_at
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Style
domain: MA_syllabus
domain: MA_System
range: MA_institute

teaches
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Master
range: Form_set
range: MA_Style
range: MA_System

teaches_at
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Master
range: MA_institute

trains
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Training_method
range: MA_Technique
name_zh: 訓練 @zh-hk
comment: The trains property is established to connect an instance of Training_method to one or more of Technique if the former contributes to the development of the latter.

type_of
type: ObjectProperty

used_in
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MA_Technique
domain: Weaponry
domain: Training_tool
range: MA_Style
range: MA_System

uses
type: ObjectProperty

appellation_type
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: dataProperties
domain: E41.Appellation
range: ArtName
range: EN_Name
range: name_originalLang

timespan
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: dataProperties
domain: E52.Time-Span

weapon type
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: dataProperties
domain: Weaponry
domain: Training_tool
range: string
name_zh: 武器類型 @zh

has_courtesy_name
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: MA_Master
range: string
name_zh: 字 @zh-hk

has_pseudonym
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: MA_Master
range: string
name_zh: 号 @zh-hk

has_ethnicity
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: MA_Master
range: string
name_zh: 民族 @zh-hk

has_gender
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: MA_Master
range: string
name_zh: 性别 @zh-hk

has_birth_year
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: MA_Master
range: gYear
name_zh: 生年 @zh-hk

has_death_year
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: MA_Master
range: gYear
name_zh: 卒年 @zh-hk

has_profession
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: MA_Master
range: string
name_zh: 职业 @zh-hk

has_life_experience
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: MA_Master
range: string
name_zh: 生平 @zh-hk

Form_set
type: Class
subclass of: Training_method
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: belongs_to
  some values from: MA_System
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_component
  some values from: Form_movement
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: practiced_in
  some values from: MA_Style
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: similar_set_to
  some values from: Form_set
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: Training_method
name_en: Form set
name_zh: 套路 @zh-hk
otherName_en: Taolu
otherName_en: kata
comment: The class Form_set addresses the concept of form set (often referred to as form) – the sequential arrangement of form movements. Commonly known as the Chinese term taolu and its Japanese equivalent, kata. An instance of Form_set features a set routine of multiple instances of Form_movement in sequential order. While most form sets are designed for individual practice, some also serve as interactive sparring exercises, represented through the class Sparring_set.

E21.Person
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: creates
  some values from: E22.Man-made Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: identified_by
  some values from: E41.Appellation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: lives_in_ts
  some values from: E52.Time-Span
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: resides_in
  some values from: E53.Place

E22.Man-made Object
type: Class

E31.Document
type: Class
subclass of: Thing

E41.Appellation
type: Class

E52.Time-Span
type: Class

E53.Place
type: Class

E77.Persistent Item
type: Class

MA_Clan
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
name_en: Martial Arts Clan
name_zh: 家族譜系 @zh-hk
otherName_en: Martial Arts Family
comment: A martial arts clan is a traditional group or lineage founded by a martial arts master, often teaching a specific martial arts system. Clans may enforce unique training methods, honor codes, or stylistic principles.

MA_Organization
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
name_en: Martial Arts Organization
name_zh: 武術組織 @zh-hk

MA_Master
type: Class
subclass of: E21.Person
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_courtesy_name
  some values from: string
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_pseudonym
  some values from: string
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_birthplace
  some values from: E53.Place
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: resides_in
  some values from: E53.Place
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_ethnicity
  some values from: string
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_gender
  some values from: string
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_birth_year
  some values from: gYear
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_death_year
  some values from: gYear
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: lives_in_ts
  some values from: E52.Time-Span
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is_student_of
  some values from: MA_Master
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is_master_of
  some values from: MA_Master
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is_child_of
  some values from: MA_Master
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is_parent_of
  some values from: MA_Master
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is_member_of
  some values from: MA_Clan
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is_member_of
  some values from: MA_Organization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: teaches_at
  some values from: MA_institute
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_profession
  some values from: string
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: practices
  some values from: MA_Style
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: teaches
  some values from: MA_Style
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adapts
  some values from: MA_Style
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adapts
  some values from: Weaponry
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adapts
  some values from: Training_method
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adapts
  some values from: Training_tool
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adapts
  some values from: MA_Technique
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adopts
  some values from: MA_syllabus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: creates
  some values from: MA_Style
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: creates
  some values from: MA_syllabus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: creates
  some values from: Weaponry
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: creates
  some values from: Training_method
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: creates
  some values from: Training_tool
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: creates
  some values from: MA_Technique
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_life_experience
  some values from: string
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_work
  some values from: MA_Document
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_film_appearance
  some values from: string
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_photo
  some values from: string
name_en: Martial Arts Masters
name_zh: 師傅 @zh-hk
otherName_en: Martial Artist
otherName_en: Sifu
otherName_zh: 武術家 @zh-hk
comment: The class MA_master designates individuals conventionally recognized for their remarkable achievements in martial arts skills and their contributions to the transmission and development of martial knowledge. Instances of this class can include historical martial arts practitioners and legendary figures, with the possibility to annotate or classify further.

MA_Document
type: Class
subclass of: E31.Document
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documents
  some values from: E53.Place
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documents
  some values from: MA_Master
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documents
  some values from: MA_institute
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documents
  some values from: MA_Style
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documents
  some values from: MA_System
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documents
  some values from: Training_method
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: MA_Document
name_en: Martial Arts Document
name_zh: 武術文檔 @zh-hk
comment: The class MA_Document encompasses a variety of information objects that record aspects of martial arts. These can be either physical or digital and include ancient manuscripts, books, manuals, and audiovisual contents, amongst others. It's important to note that an instance of MA_Document may behold identities. We bridge the class with the CIDOC-CRM E31 Document to facilitate flexible interoperations and potential acquisition of additional data, and facilitates semantic enrichment of other linked data sources through assertion or inference rules.

Form_movement
type: Class
subclass of: Training_method
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_component
  some values from: MA_Technique
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_intent
  some values from: MA_tactic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in_form
  some values from: Form_set
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: represents
  some values from: MA_principle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: similar_movement_to
  some values from: Form_movement
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: Training_method
name_en: Form movement
name_zh: 招式 @zh-hk
otherName_en: kata
otherName_en: zhaoshi
comment: The class Form_movement encapsulates the concept of individual units of movement within a training form – a fundamental aspect of technical and stylistic training in traditional martial arts. Examples of this class include zhaoshi (or shi) in Chinese terminology. An instance of form movement, whether static or dynamic, is a choreographed pattern of movement comprising a unitary sequence of basic techniques. It typically involves a movement that employs several techniques, simultaneously serving as a training tool for those techniques and the qualities relevant to fulfilling them. The property has component is used; it is designed to inherit the CIDOC-CRM declaration of P148 has component and to indicate the relationship between a form_movement and the technique(s) trained within.

MA_institute
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adopts
  some values from: MA_syllabus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adopts
  some values from: Training_method
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: located_at
  some values from: E53.Place
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: teaches
  some values from: MA_Style
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: teaches
  some values from: MA_System
name_en: Martial Arts Institute
name_zh: 武術機構 @zh-hk
comment: The class MA_institute conceptualizes any collective social agent where martial arts teaching, training, assessment, or dissemination occurs, e.g. a school, clan, sect, or sports federation. Instances of this class typically have a physical location, represented by the property located at to relate to a place, accordingly subsuming the CIDOC-CRM assertions about E53 Place and P156 occupies.

MA_principle
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
name_en: Principle (martial arts)
name_zh: 原則 @zh-hk
comment: MA_principle pertains to the guiding principles that underlie the movement rationale of specific techniques or a style in general, typically varying among different martial arts styles and systems.

MA_Style
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adopts
  some values from: Training_method
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: belongs_to
  some values from: MA_System
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: developed_from
  some values from: MA_Style
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has
  some values from: MA_syllabus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_origin_place
  some values from: E53.Place
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_principle
  some values from: MA_principle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_symbol
  some values from: Symbolic_animal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: influences
  some values from: MA_Style
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: taught_at
  some values from: MA_institute
name_en: Martial Arts Style
name_zh: 武術流派 @zh-hk
otherName_zh: 武術風格 @zh-hk
comment: The class MA_style conceptualizes the individual stylistic genre of martial art. Each instance holds an umbrella term representing the style’s name, typically denoting a group of martial arts styles sharing similar kinaesthetic qualities, norms, and principles.

MA_syllabus
type: Class
name_en: Syllabus (martial arts)
name_zh: （武術）教學大綱 @zh-hk
comment: The term "syllabus" generally refers to the subjects covered in a course of study or teaching, offering a comprehensive overview or summary of the curriculum. This concept extends to martial arts contexts as well. It is important to note that certain systems or styles have well-defined and widely accepted modern syllabi, including grading and ranking systems, while many traditional martial arts systems lack a standardized approach.

MA_System
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: adopts
  some values from: Training_method
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: belongs_to
  some values from: MA_System
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has
  some values from: MA_Style
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has
  some values from: MA_syllabus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_origin_place
  some values from: E53.Place
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_principle
  some values from: MA_principle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_symbol
  some values from: Symbolic_animal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: influences
  some values from: MA_Style
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: influences
  some values from: MA_System
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: taught_at
  some values from: MA_institute
name_en: Martial Arts System
name_zh: 武術系統 @zh-hk
comment: The class MA_system represents the concept of martial arts systems, which pertains to an upper-level systemic grouping of different styles, such as Chinese Martial Arts, European Martial Arts, Japanese Martial Arts, or sub-systems like Southern Chinese Martial Arts or Southern Styles, and Northern Styles. Styles within a system typically share a consistent methodological framework and principles, and sometimes have identical geographic origins or parent styles.

MA_tactic
type: Class
name_en: Tactic
name_zh: 戰術 @zh-hk
otherName_zh: 策略（小粒度的） @zh-hk
comment: Tactics in martial arts concerns how to use/apply the techniques to achieve a strategic goal, such as subduing the opponent. While the concept of strategy is a broader concept employing the need for planning long-term, a tactic is a preferred concept to denote the way used to achieve a smaller, strategic goal, in line with the strategy.

MA_Technique
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: employs
  some values from: Bridge
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: employs
  some values from: Bodywork
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: employs
  some values from: Footwork
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: employs
  some values from: Handwork
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_intent
  some values from: MA_tactic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: practiced_in
  some values from: Training_method
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: similar_to
  some values from: MA_Technique
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: used_in
  some values from: MA_Style
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: used_in
  some values from: MA_System
name_en: Martial Arts Technique
name_zh: 技術 @zh-hk
comment: The class Technique is designed to function as a connector between different modules, establishing connections between general kinetic elements, technical interpretations, stylistic expressions, and methods of training, application, teaching, and documentation. This class expands four major categorical subclasses: Handwork, Footwork, Bodywork, and Bridge, each aiming o provide an embodied understanding of the techniques' structure. Accordingly, most instances of Technique are subsumed under one of the three principal categories given which anatomical part is substantially involved.

Weaponry
type: Class
subclass of: E22.Man-made Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: E22.Man-made Object
name_en: Weaponry
name_zh: 武器 @zh-hk
otherName_en: Armament
otherName_zh: 軍備 @zh-hk
comment: Weaponry (or Armament) is the umbrella term encompassing military weapons and equipment.

Bridge
type: Class
subclass of: MA_Technique
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: MA_Technique
name_en: Bridge
name_zh: 橋 @zh-hk
otherName_en: Bridge hand
comment: The class Bridge represent the concept of “bridge” or referred to as “bridge hand(s)” in traditional Chinese martial arts. The concept is particularly articulated in the Hung Kuen system. The term bridge means the connection between yourself and your opponent. The skill of bridge relates to the ability to manipulate one's own body structure, to control the ranges, amongst others.

Body_control
type: Class
subclass of: MA_principle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: MA_principle

Bodywork
type: Class
subclass of: MA_Technique
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: MA_Technique
name_en: Bodywork
name_zh: 身法 @zh-hk
comment: Bodywork signifies the nimble application of the body and accentuates a coherent yet flexible use of the waist and upper-body muscles.

Breath_control
type: Class
subclass of: MA_principle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: MA_principle

Breathing_tech
type: Class
subclass of: MA_Technique
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: MA_Technique
name_en: Breathing Technique
name_zh: breathing_tetch is the class for breathing techniques, a fundamental aspect of martial arts, as well as physical training and life in general. Proper breathing can enhance physical performance, force generation, and mindfulness.
name_zh: 呼吸法 @zh-hk

Claw_tech
type: Class
subclass of: Handwork
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: employs
  some values from: Gesture
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: Handwork
name_en: Claw technique
name_zh: 爪法 @zh-hk
comment: Claw techniques denote the techniques that use the hand in the shape simulating an animal's claw (such as tiger, crane, etc), and are considered fierce and effective techniques that can result in serious damage.

Combo_tech
type: Class
subclass of: MA_Technique
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: employs
  some values from: MA_Technique
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: MA_Technique
name_en: Technique Combination
name_zh: 技術組合 @zh-hk
otherName_en: Combo Tech
comment: The class Combo_tech denotes a technique combination, often addressed as combo tech, that is a combination of multiple others, typically involving movements in different body segments. Instances of such techniques acquire the identity of a combo technique with a collective impact of its technical components. To capture these characteristics, the employs property is used to indicate that a more complex instance of Technique is fulfilled by employing another or several other basic ones.

Elbow_tech
type: Class
subclass of: Handwork
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: Handwork
name_en: Elbow technique
romanCAN: Zaang Faat
name roman MAN: Zhou Fa
name_zh: 踭法 @zh-hk
otherName_zh: 肘法 @zh-cn
comment: Elbow techniques denote the techniques that use the elbow joint, usually in tandem with coherent moves in the forearm.

Connection_bridges
type: Class
subclass of: MA_principle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: MA_principle

Fist_tech
type: Class
subclass of: Handwork
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: employs
  some values from: Gesture
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: Handwork
name_en: Fist technique
comment: Fist techniques denote the techniques that use the hand in the fist shape, namely, with the fingers bent towards the palm. Fists are not necessarily held tightly, depending on which fist type is employed.

Footwork
type: Class
subclass of: MA_Technique
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: MA_Technique
name_en: Footwork
name_zh: 脚法 @zh-hk
otherName_zh: 步法 @zh-hk
comment: Footwork is the umbrella term for techniques of the feet and legs in martial arts. It includes subclasses of static Stance or dynamic Leg_Tech.

Gesture
type: Class
subclass of: Handwork
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: Handwork
name_en: Gesture
romanCAN: Sau Jing
name roman MAN: Shou Xing
name_zh: 手形 @zh
otherName_en: Hand shape
comment: Gestures, or hand shapes, denote the shape or status of the hand employed in a specific handwork.

Handwork
type: Class
subclass of: MA_Technique
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: MA_Technique
name_en: Handwork
name_zh: 手法 @zh-hk
comment: Handwork is the umbrella term for techniques of the hands and forearms in martial arts. It encompass specific types of Palm_Tech, Fist_Tech, Claw_Tech, Elbow_Tech, and Gesture.

Honor_code
type: Class
subclass of: MA_principle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: MA_principle

Fighting_strategy
type: Class
subclass of: MA_principle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: MA_principle

Leg_tech
type: Class
subclass of: Footwork
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: Footwork
name_en: Leg technique
name_zh: 腿法 @zh-hk
comment: Leg technique denotes the skills of the lower limbs in martial arts, primarily kicking attacks or kicking techniques.

Palm_tech
type: Class
subclass of: Handwork
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: employs
  some values from: Gesture
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: Handwork
name_en: Palm technique
name_zh: 掌法 @zh-hk
otherName_en: Open-hand strike
comment: Palm techniques, or open-hand strikes include various techniques used in martial arts to attack or defend without curling the hand into a fist.

Physical_training
type: Class
subclass of: Training_method
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: Training_method
name_en: Physical training
name_zh: 身體訓練 @zh-hk
otherName_zh: 體能訓練 @zh-hk
comment: Physical training is the general terme for the systemic use of the exercises to promote the body fitness and strength.

Sparring
type: Class
subclass of: Training_method
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: Training_method
name_en: Sparring
name_zh: 對練 @zh-hk
comment: Sparring is a form of training common to many combat sports and is considered the closest thing to a real fight without actually fighting. Usually, two persons are involved in sparring training, yet more is possible.

Stance
type: Class
subclass of: Footwork
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: Footwork
name_en: Stance
romanCAN: Maa Bou
name roman MAN: Ma bu
name_zh: 馬步 @zh
comment: In martial arts, stances are the distribution, foot orientation and body positions (particularly the legs and torso) adopted when attacking, defending, advancing, or retreating.

Symbolic_animal
type: Class
subclass of: E77.Persistent Item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: E77.Persistent Item
name_en: Symbolic Animal
name_zh: 象徵動物 @zh-hk
comment: Certain martial arts styles may associate themselves with one or multiple creatures or living things as symbols, indicated by the property has_symbol pointing to an instance of Symbolic_animal. It is widely held that many martial arts styles draw inspiration from the habits and moves of specific creatures like animals in designing their movement and tactical patterns. For example, the various Praying Mantis styles are inspired by the mantis (insect), and the White Crane kung fu imitates the crane (bird).

Training_method
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: trains
  some values from: MA_Technique
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses
  some values from: Weaponry
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses
  some values from: Training_tool
name_en: Training method
name_zh: 訓練方法 @zh-hk
comment: The class Training_method encompasses methods created or adapted by a teaching master for learners to practice specific techniques while developing necessary physical qualities and comprehending the movement principles embedded. Instances of this class may feature a unitary exercise - a Form, or a series of exercises constituting a set - an instance of Form_set. While forms and form sets can vary significantly across styles and systems, they all serve training purposes. Another two categories of training methods crucial for developing martial arts skills are Physical_training and Sparring, both not codified. In any of these situations, the trains property is established to connect an instance of Training_method to one or more of Technique if the former contributes to the development of the latter.

Training_tool
type: Class
subclass of: E22.Man-made Object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: simulates
  some values from: Weaponry
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: E22.Man-made Object
name_en: Training Tool
name_zh: 訓練工具 @zh-hk
comment: Training tools refer to objects created to simulate a weapon - an entity of armament, or part of it, to train a specific technique or physical qualities. The property simulates is utilized to indicate a possible analogy.

Weapon_tech
type: Class
subclass of: MA_Technique
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: type_of
  some values from: MA_Technique
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses
  some values from: Weaponry
name_en: Weapon technique
name_zh: 武器技術
comment: Weapon technique is the umbrella term that denotes the techniques that involve the use of a weapon - an entity of armament, or a training tool.